There Are Two Educations One Should

This distinction comes from Adams's Discourses on Davila (1790), a series of essays he published in the Gazette of the United States responding to the French Revolution. Adams was arguing against the idea that political equality could substitute for the deeper cultivation of character — that a republic needs not just informed citizens but virtuous ones. The essays were deeply unpopular among supporters of the French Revolution, including Thomas Jefferson, and contributed to the growing rift between the two men.