Thoughts Without Content Are Empty Intuitions

This passage comes from the "Transcendental Logic" section of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), where Kant is establishing the relationship between sensory experience and rational concepts. His argument — that neither raw sensation nor pure thought alone yields genuine knowledge — was his resolution of the debate between rationalists like René Descartes and empiricists like David Hume. Kant described Hume as the philosopher who had "awakened him from his dogmatic slumber."