Muda Is Specifically Any Human Activity Which Absorbs Resources But Creates No V

The critical starting point for lean thinking is value. Value can only be defined by the ultimate customer.

The truly lean plant has two key organizational features: it transfers the maximum number of tasks and responsibilities to those workers actually adding value to the car on the line.

Most activities that we think of as value-creating are actually muda, and most of the rest are necessary to support the value-creating steps.